Trade in international health services has the potential to play a leading role in the global economy, but its rapid growth is impeded by legal barriers. Advances in technology and cross-border movement of people and health services create legal ambiguities and uncertainties for businesses and...

The adoption of anti-offshoring legislation by federal governments can potentially violate the commitments made by such governments to the World Trade Organization and other bilateral and regional trade agreements. This motivates examination of the constitutionality and legality of governmental...

This paper seeks to build upon earlier works analyzing U.S. federal and state legislation that conflict with the United States' obligations under international agreements. Several of these earlier works conclude that such conflicting legislation violates the Constitution on a variety of grounds,...

Interoperable electronic health records (EHR) have the capacity to deliver health care at optimal costs and quality in the United States, but current private and public initiatives have delayed nationwide implementation by failing to overcome several obstacles. These obstacles include:...

In the current global marketplace, liberalization of trade in professional services (“services”) presents one of the biggest challenges and profitable opportunities for the international community. Changes in technology and state privatization polices over the past half century have made...

This paper presents a knowledge-based approach to facilitate the engineering design process relating to spacecrafts. Because the design evolves over a long time and typically involves individuals working at different locations and frequently for different organizations, the degree of...

Grid computing and grid topologies are attracting a growing amount of attention. Originating as a concept for sharing computing resources among wired participants, the grid concept is gradually been extended into the wireless world. A Wireless Grid is an augmentation of a wired grid that...

In spite of rapid evolution of electronic techniques, a number of large-scale applications continue to rely on the use of paper as the dominant medium. This is especially true for processing of bank checks. This paper examines the issue of reading the numerical amount field. In the case of...

Grid computing and grid topologies are attracting a growing amount of attention. Originating as a concept for sharing computing resources among wired participants, the grid concept is gradually been extended into the wireless world. A Wireless Grid is an augmentation of a wired grid that...

While reading handwritten text accurately is a difficult task for computers, the conversion of handwritten papers into digital format is necessary for automatic processing. Since most bank checks are handwritten, the number of checks is very high, and manual processing involves significant...