In three distinct disciplines, crime and punishment are studied experimentally: in empirical legal studies, in …

evidence on punishment preferences, in which subjects reveal a heterogeneous preference for punishing wrongdoers, our model … identifies circumstances in which “punitive” individuals (with stronger-than-average punishment preferences) will self …-select into law enforcement jobs that offer the opportunity to punish (or facilitate the punishment of) wrongdoers. Such “punitive …

Becker's theory of crime, penalties must be at least as high as expected benefits to deter crimes. For example, we start by … multiplying cartel infringement by the reciprocal of the probability of detection and punishment. When we factor in expected … discussed in the literature. By applying the empirically determined probabilities of punishment, we can calculate the minimum …

the attendant social costs, but also reflects a partial failure of some of the justifications for punishment. As a result …, incapacitation and retributive notions may dominate our thinking about punishment, with predictable results. This essay looks at the …. The essay suggests that the passion for equal treatment among those who commit the same crime, a prominent goal of the …

compliance encourages rationalizations and creates the necessary precursors to the commission of corporate crime. Once this …