excluded from the voters' right of the initiative? I study this question by extending the analysis to German direct democracy … 2009, I show that in this sample and in contrast to the Swiss and US evidence direct democracy causes an expansion of local … towards exploiting their direct democracy rights and their preferences for local public policies. To address this issue I use …

In this paper, I analyze the voting outcomes of two very similar Swiss referendum ballots concerning the federal …

This paper examines the effect of local political decision-making institutions (i.e., direct democracy vs …. representative democracy) on citizens' preferences toward public spending. Exogenous variation in institutions comes from a … democracy based on a legally stipulated population threshold in the Swiss canton (state) of Vaud. Fiscal policy preferences by …

We test whether the proactive use of instruments of direct democracy by voters can help to explain fiscal …

experiment from Switzerland, I test this hypothesis empirically. I analyze the voting outcomes of two very similar referendum …

To assess the likely effects of population ageing on the outcomes of direct democracy, we analyze the effect of age on … study of the Stuttgart 21 referendum on one of the largest infrastructure projects in Germany. The evidence suggests that …

To assess the likely effects of population ageing on the outcomes of direct democracy, we analyze the effect of age on … study of the Stuttgart 21 referendum on one of the largest infrastructure projects in Germany. The evi-dence suggests that …

both the market's return and volatility. The results suggest that the day after the referendum, there was little evidence … of a positive effect on stock returns. However, using a longer window of three days before and after the referendum …, there was evidence of a positive effect from the referendum on the market's returns and a negative effect on its volatility …

which lead to these hypotheses are presented as well as the theory of expressive voting, and a survey of the available … theory of expressive voting. …