How does a firm's market power in existing products affect its incentives to innovate? We explore this fundamental question using granular project-level and firm-level data from the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on a particular mechanism through which incumbent firms maintain their market...

How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we first examine how drug makers react...

How does a firm’s market power in existing products affect its incentives to innovate? We explore this fundamental question using granular project-level and firm-level data from the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on a particular mechanism through which incumbent firms maintain their market...

How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we examine how drug makers react through...

This study examines the link between credit supply and hospital health outcomes. Using detailed data on hospitals and the banks that they borrow from, we use bank stress tests as exogenous shocks to credit access for hospitals that have lending relationships with tested banks. We find that...

This study examines the link between credit supply and hospital health outcomes. Using detailed data on hospitals and the banks that they borrow from, we use bank stress tests as exogenous shocks to credit access for hospitals that have lending relationships with tested banks. We find that...

The financial economics literature emphasizes the stress of financial intermediaries (FIs), measured by leverage and collateral constraints, as an important driver of asset prices and quantities. We identify a new and equally important channel through which FIs affect risk and the real sector:...

How does firm dynamically adjust its capital and debt structure in response to interest rate risk? Using micro-data, I find that bond spread increases more than loan spread and firms rebalance towards bank loans and away from corporate bonds in response to unexpected monetary tightening. I...

We develop an optimal contracting model in which limited enforcement of financial contracts generates dispersion in marginal products of capital across firms. We show that the optimal contract can be implemented using state-contingent transfers and a simple collateral constraint that limits the...

Climatic characteristics of foreign low latitude plateau regions are firstly introduced. Then, experience and lessons of major foreign low latitude plateau countries in developing modern agriculture are analyzed, including Indian three agricultural revolutions and agricultural informationization...