Using UNESCO-UIS data, this paper estimates the costs of internal inefficiency caused by dropouts and repetitions in primary education. Multiple imputation method is found essential to accurately estimate the costs of internal inefficiency. Globally, 8.1% of total public expenditure for primary...

Why do states expand their involvement in education, when it can be cheaply provided through societal organizations, and when building a new education system involves large fiscal costs? I address this puzzle in the context of colonial states with significant fiscal constraints. I argue that two...

Given fiscal constraints, how did colonial states allocate coercion within their territories? This paper proposes a new explanation for variation in colonial coercion: the extent of pre-colonial state consolidation. When the pre-colonial state achieved control over local society via capture of...

Analyses the practice of social dialogue in Indonesia, identifies areas where it could be improved and proposes directions of possible reform.

Presents the calculation of the cost of basic social protection benefit packages and their affordability in five Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Viet Nam.

This paper examines differences in employment rates between persons with and without disabilities in 15 developing countries using the World Health Survey. We find that people with disabilities have lower employment rates than persons without disabilities in nine countries. Across countries,...

National social protection systems are a very powerful means of alleviating and preventing poverty and can help mitigate the adverse effects of chronic poverty. They provide protection against old-age and various life risks - disability, ill-health, unemployment, and occupational injury -...

The paper aims to reduce the global knowledge gap pertaining to the impact of disability on school attendance, using cross-nationally comparable and nationally representative data from 18 surveys in 15 countries that are selected among 2,500 surveys and censuses. These selected surveys...

Although disability prevalence is higher in low and middle-income countries, very little is known about disability and labor market experiences in this context. This is largely due to a lack of quality data on disability. This paper is the first to analyze employment rates and their determinants...