The protection of a "system of undistorted competition" within the internal market is one of the core elements of EU law that institutionalizes economic integration. The addressees of the prohibitions regarding restraints of competition such as Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are "undertakings". Hence...

The duration of appellate court proceedings is an important determinant of the efficiency of a court system. We use data of 234 firm groups that participated in 63 cartels convicted by the European Commission between 2000 and 2012 to investigate the determinants of the duration of the subsequent...

A principled and well-functioning regime of judicial review is a fundamental part of the European Union's commitment to the rule of law, and of particular relevance in the field of EU competition law: The EU Commission has become one of the most powerful competition authorities worldwide,...

The duration of appellate court proceedings is an important determinant of the efficiency of a court system. We use data of 234 firm groups that participated in 63 cartels convicted by the European Commission between 2000 and 2012 to investigate the determinants of the duration of the subsequent...

This dissertation first discusses industry standards, defined as any set of technical specifications providing for products’ interoperability. Standards are adopted by standard-setting organizations (i.e. SSOs), gathering market players, competitors included. To respect Article 101 TFEU, the...

The aim of this article is to explore the most recent appeals concerning illegal cartels under Article 101 TFEU by revealing the relevant principles underpinning both the substantive and the procedural review of price-fixing agreements. Arguments advancing a perceived ‘criminalisation' of the...

By the decision of 9 June 2009, the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic (Protimonopolný úrad Slovenskej republiky, hereafter AMO) has found that three major Slovak banks had infringed Article 81 TEC (now Article 101 TFEU) as well as the applicable Slovak competition rules contained in...