The revised World Trade Organization (WTO) Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), which came into force on April 6, 2014, provides a limited number of WTO Members with a framework for ensuring that the tenders scheduled under the Appendix to WTO GPA are conducted in a competitive,...

This paper identifies the legal and economic assessments applied to resolve WTO disputes requiring an assessment of the contribution of the measure to the objective pursued, along with identifying any reasonably available alternatives. It focuses on disputes encompassing an interpretation of...

One of the major factors that motivated a majority of Britons to vote in favour of leaving the EU was their disenchantment with Europe's current approach to trade. There is solid evidence of a link between the vote for Brexit and the feelings of dissatisfied voters who see themselves being left...

This paper discusses the application of disconnection clauses. ‘Disconnection clauses’ are legal provisions inserted into multilateral conventions to ensure that certain parties to the convention are not required to apply the rules of the convention because other relevant rules have already...

There is disagreement among countries on how international rules should address the cross-border spillover effects of increased government intervention in national economies. As a result, trade tensions have arisen. This paper outlines the state of play and issues of concern in the areas of...