There is increasing coverage in the literature highlighting threats to online financial systems. Attacks range from the prevalent reverse social engineering technique known as phishing; where spam emails are sent to customers with links to fake websites, to Trojans that monitor a customer’s...

"The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information...

Competition law in the EU has over the past 50 years of market, and economic harmonization has become almost as central to the Union as any of the other four fundamental freedoms. Many commentators consider the EU antitrust enforcement being at the heart of the successful growth of the common...

This short note evaluates the use of ‘best efforts' clauses, surveying the direct or indirect effect on the parties behaviour. Part I describes the legal definition and interpretation of ‘best efforts' in the United States and England. Part II provides practical considerations when drafting...

From the origins of the now internal market and the continued efforts of the Commission to achieve an effective, fully integrated, competitive market free from barriers to trade. The ECJ has been omnipresent. Driving change through progressive approaches to the protection of the internal market...

The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information...