increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, this kind of anti-crime measure might also induce … reduce violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the …

We investigate how criminal organizations strategically use violence to influence elections in order to get captured … politicians elected. The model offers novel testable implications about the use of pre-electoral violence under different types of … rates in Italy since 1887, comparing the extent of 'electoral-violence cycles' between areas with a higher and lower …

We investigate how criminal organizations strategically use violence to influence elections in order to get captured … politicians elected. The model offers novel testable implications about the use of pre-electoral violence under different types of … rates in Italy since 1887, comparing the extent of ‘electoral-violence cycles' between areas with a higher and lower …

dynamics of bribes and violence around elections in democracies and autocracies using a novel measure of corruption based on …Pressure groups may use bribes, violence, or a combination of both to bend politics to their will, and the choice … pressure groups use political violence to sway democratic elections in favor of their preferred candidates, while resorting to …

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variation in the homicide rate during the outbreak of drug-trade related violence in Mexico …, I show that violence has a significant negative impact on plant output, product scope, employment, and capacity …

. Violence and conflicts increased in Mexican municipalities suitable for opium production, as they became highly valuable to drug … cartels. People migrated out of these municipalities to escape this violence, mostly to areas close to the US border and into …

We investigate the impact of childhood exposure to organized criminal violence on sociopolitical attitudes in Mexico … institutions, interpersonal trust, and vote choice. To assess the impact of violence exposure on these attitudes, we construct … confrontations from the municipality where they grew up. Our findings indicate that exposure to both types of violence during the …