We study the impact of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the quality of entrepreneurship in China. Using long series of … firm registration and performance data, we document that the massive SOE downsizing in the late 1990s significantly … high-skilled SOE employees were reluctantly unleashed into entrepreneurship. We also provide corroborating evidence for …

We use de-identified data from California personal income tax returns to measure the frequency and nature of …

small business sector's health. Previously this was difficult due to a lack of appropriate data. This paper fills this … QuickBooks Online Payroll subscriber data (QBO Payroll sample) from 333,000 businesses in the US, 66,000 in Canada, and 25,000 in … the UK. After comparing the QBO Payroll sample data to the official statistics, we remove the seasonal components and use …