By preemptive austerity, we mean a policy that increases taxes to deter potential rollover crises. The policy is so … eliminates the danger. Mechanically, high taxes make the safe zone in the model -- the set of sovereign debt levels for which the … reduce the level of debt to a point where, asymptotically, high taxes are no longer necessary …

German municipalities levy local business taxes by choosing a tax rate to apply to local business income, where the tax …