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The Contribution of Behavior Change and Public Health to Improved U.S. Population Health

Cutler, David M.; Stewart, Susan T. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

Adverse behavioral risk factors contribute to a large share of deaths. We examine the effects on life expectancy (LE) and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) of changes in six major behavioral risk factors over the 1960-2010 period: smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and unsafe use of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950832

Education and Health: Insights from International Comparisons

Cutler, David M.; Lleras-Muney, Adriana - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

In this review we synthesize what is known about the relationship between education and health. A large number of studies from both rich and poor countries show that education is associated with better health. While previous work has thought of the effect of education separately for rich and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009401256

Explaining the Rise in Educational Gradients in Mortality

Cutler, David M.; Lange, Fabian; Ruhm, Christopher; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

The long-standing inverse relationship between education and mortality strengthened substantially later in the 20th century. This paper examines the reasons for this increase. We show that behavioral risk factors are not of primary importance. Smoking has declined more for the better educated,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008631104

HIV and Fertility Revisited

Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Turan, Belgi - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

Young (2005) argues that HIV related population declines reinforced by the fertility response to the epidemic will lead to higher capital-labor ratios and to higher per capita incomes in the affected countries of Africa. Using household level data on fertility from South Africa and relying on...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635943

Clinical Pathways to Disability

Cutler, David M.; Landrum, Mary Beth; Stewart, Kate A. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007

This paper examines the pathways by which individuals transition from healthy to disabled. Because of the high prevalence and costs associated with disability, understanding these pathways is critical to developing interventions to prevent or minimize disability. We compare two estimates of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005713953

HIV and Fertility in Africa: First Evidence from Population Based Surveys

Juhn, Chinhui; Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Turan, Belgi - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines, followed by a rise in human capital accumulation and economic growth. The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens to reverse this path. A recent paper by Young (2005), however, suggests that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718403

Why Is The Developed World Obese?

Cutler, David M.; Bleich, Sara; Murray, Christopher; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007

Obesity has risen dramatically in the past few decades. However, the relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to rising obesity is not known. Moreover, the extent to which social and economic factors tip the energy balance is not well understood. In this longitudinal...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778530

Induced Innovation and Social Inequality: Evidence from Infant Medical Care

Cutler, David M.; Meara, Ellen; Richards, Seth - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

We develop a model of induced innovation where research effort is a function of the death rate, and thus the potential to reduce deaths in the population. We also consider potential social consequences that arise from this form of induced innovation based on differences in disease prevalence...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005059064

Mortality Change, the Uncertainty Effect, and Retirement

Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Weil, David - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

We examine the role of changing mortality in explaining the rise of retirement over the course of the 20th century. We construct a model in which individuals make labor/leisure choices over their lifetimes subject to uncertainty about their date of death. In an environment in which mortality is...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575704

When Does Education Matter? The Protective Effect of Education for Cohorts Graduating in Bad Times

Cutler, David M.; Huang, Wei; Lleras-Muney, Adriana - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

losses as a result of poor labor market conditions upon labor market entry. We confirm that a higher unemployment rate at …. Further, education plays a protective role for these outcomes, especially when unemployment rates are high: the losses … associated with poor labor market outcomes are substantially lower for more educated individuals. Variation in unemployment rates …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010822005