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Young (2005) argues that HIV related population declines reinforced by the fertility response to the epidemic will lead to higher capital-labor ratios and to higher per capita incomes in the affected countries of Africa. Using household level data on fertility from South Africa and relying on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635943
The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines, followed by a rise in human capital accumulation and economic growth. The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens to reverse this path. A recent paper by Young (2005), however, suggests that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718403
We examine the role of changing mortality in explaining the rise of retirement over the course of the 20th century. We construct a model in which individuals make labor/leisure choices over their lifetimes subject to uncertainty about their date of death. In an environment in which mortality is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575704
Using country- and region-level data, I investigate the effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility in Africa during 1985-2000. Results differ depending on the variation used and the estimation method. Between estimates that exploit cross-sectional variation suggest a positive significant effect of HIV/AIDS...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004991972
This chapter assesses how models with search frictions have shaped our understanding of aggregate labor market outcomes in two contexts: business cycle fluctuations and long-run (trend) changes. We first consolidate data on aggregate labor market outcomes for a large set of OECD countries. We...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635906
This paper accounts for the observed increase in unemployment duration relative to the unemployment rate in the U ….S. over the past thirty years, typified by the record low level of short-term unemployment. We show that part of the increase … remaining increase in unemployment duration relative to the unemployment rate is concentrated among women, whose unemployment …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005713968
-aversion reduces wages, unemployment, and investment. Unemployment insurance (UI) has the reverse effect due to market generated moral … hazard: insured workers seek high wage jobs with high unemployment risk. An economy with risk-neutral workers achieves …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005714736
consistent with increasing inequality in every country, growth in residual wage inequality, rising unemployment, and reallocation … within and between industries. While the opening of trade yields welfare gains, unemployment and inequality within sectors … nonmonotonic effects on unemployment and inequality within sectors. As aggregate unemployment and inequality have within- and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005720079
rigidities and trade impediments in shaping welfare, trade flows, productivity, price levels and unemployment rates. We show that … patterns of unemployment. Specifically, trade integration -- which benefits both countries -- may raise their rates of … unemployment. Moreover, differences in rates of unemployment do not necessarily reflect differences in labor market rigidities; the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829591
This paper argues that unemployment insurance increases labor productivity by encouraging workers to seek higher … whether this effect is comparable in magnitude to the standard moral hazard effects of unemployment insurance. Our model … economy captures the behavior of the U.S. labor market for high school graduates quite well. When unemployment insurance …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005774624