increasing volatility or by amplifying the adverse effect of external shocks. "--World Bank web site … sample of countries. Controlling for domestic conditions, the paper examines the growth and volatility effects of outcome … of nonlinearities by allowing the growth and volatility effects of openness to vary with the general level of economic …

larger effort in the group to understand the sources of growth and volatility"--World Bank web site …, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic …