This background paper describes five different tools that can be used for the assessment of tax incentives by … framework for assessment. Evaluations of the various costs and benefits of tax incentives are vital for informed decision making … light on the implications of tax parameters - including targeted tax incentives - on investment returns and help understand …

and total factor productivity growth in small and large states in the South. There are three main findings. First …, productivity growth increases with North-South trade-related technology diffusion and education and the interaction between the two … their interaction on productivity growth in small states is more than three times that for large countries, with the …

-level technical efficiency and the investment climate for 22 developing economies and eight manufacturing industries. The authors … first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical … efficiency. They show that, on average, enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa have performed poorly compared with other …

"Using panel data models, the author examines the threshold effects of the productivity of infrastructure investment in … particular, the productivity of infrastructure investment generally exhibits some network effects. When the available stock of … infrastructure is very low, investment in this sector has the same productivity as noninfrastructure investment. On the contrary …

with formal institutions. Second, the impact of labor market institutions on productivity growth has probably been …

in the relevance of ownership for efficiency between utilities and transport in developing countries. In transport … as sometimes argued. Most cross-country studies find no statistically significant difference in efficiency scores between …