Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to appraise the transition from bank-based systems to universal banking. Design/methodology/approach – The Wynne Godley and Francis Cripps macroeconomic framework is used to structure the argument. Findings – It is shown that the activity of...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to appraise the transition from bank‐based systems to universal banking. Design/methodology/approach – The Wynne Godley and Francis Cripps macroeconomic framework is used to structure the argument. Findings – It is shown that the activity of...