foreign direct investment does not help to predict current product quality or productive efficiency …

If having firm-driven renegotiations of contracts for infrastructure services is a major concern, efficiency should not …

and total factor productivity growth in small and large states in the South. There are three main findings. First …, productivity growth increases with North-South trade-related technology diffusion and education and the interaction between the two … their interaction on productivity growth in small states is more than three times that for large countries, with the …

-level technical efficiency and the investment climate for 22 developing economies and eight manufacturing industries. The authors … first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical … efficiency. They show that, on average, enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa have performed poorly compared with other …