The Three-Gap Model examines the determinants of low-quality health care by examining the patterns and determinants of … perform-this paper defines three gaps for each health worker: the gap between target performance and what they have the … across health workers in a sample can be used to diagnose failures in the system as well as evaluate the outcomes of policy …

financial crises, all of which can lead to long-lasting harm to productivity. Wars inflict particularly severe damage to … productivity, while financial crises also lead to substantial losses, especially accompanied by a rapid build-up of debt. The … productivity, as natural disasters have occurred most often and their frequency has doubled since 2000. Global adverse events can …

The empirical evidence on within firm productivity improvements from exports has largely been understated because the … measures of revenue productivity used do not account for pricing heterogeneity across firms. Using a panel of Indian firms, the … analysis in this paper controls for firm variation in prices and uses proxy methods to retrieve measures of productivity that …

-side and supply-side factors on industrywide aggregate productivity. The paper focuses on the effects of three factors: (1 … competition, which enables interpreting the estimated coefficients of a reduced form, dynamic productivity equation. The paper … blocks. In this industry, the expansion of the local market boosts industrywide total factor revenue productivity, while …

Using firm-level survey data for a large cross section of countries, the paper assesses the gap in labor productivity … impact of competition from informal firms on the labor productivity of formal firms. The results show that on average, the … labor productivity of informal firms is about one-fourth that of formal firms. Moreover, the labor productivity of formal …