This paper investigates whether poor employment prospects of potential insurgents help to fuel conflict. The paper … benefits are unobserved. In contrast, many other shocks in the conflict literature are persistent and unanticipated, thus also … estimates of the effect of harvest shocks on conflict intensity in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan using subnational variation …

series of conflict-related shocks. First, there are plausibly exogenous changes in violence that have limited impacts on … school attendance but do affect other dimensions of well-being. And second, consequences of conflict aside from living in … close proximity to violence can impact attendance. The importance of a wide variety of conflict shocks suggests that an …

fragility, conflict and violence, entrepreneurs of small and medium-size experience chronic stress and poor mental health on a … small and medium-size enterprise entrepreneurs in conflict-affected parts of Pakistan. Entrepreneurs in the treatment group …

increase in many fragile and conflict-affected areas where half of the extreme poor are expected to reside by 2030. These areas …-push" interventions can dramatically reduce poverty in fragile and conflict-affected regions …