: the percentage of females declines over increasing levels of the hierarchy. However, when considering the gender … organizational hierarchy. For both internals and externals, a key factor producing differences in gender composition across levels of …

Past studies of gender and hierarchy document that the proportion of women declines as one looks up levels of the … explained by observed human capital factors of education, work, and management experience. Networks also contribute to this … do males. In addition to these gender differences at the point of application, we find evidence that demand …

practice. The survey design allows us to control for a respondent's professional subgroup (e.g., consulting), education … than education; different professions have different valuation cultures. Other factors are less important. There are also … capital allocation process. The relative unimportance of education raises questions about the role and benefit of higher level …