The European Union has a long experience in tobacco tax harmonization, which provides useful lessons learned. In the European Union, tobacco tax harmonization took place in stages, and currently all Member States have agreed upon definitions, tax base, and minimum excise duty rates for all...

The current regulations and practices related to accounting vouchers and bookkeeping in Poland, including cross-cutting tax regulations, were assessed and compared with selected EU countries (France, Germany and UK). The study was undertaken at the request of the Polish Ministry of Finance, and...

This report reflects significant changes in European Union (EU) corporate financial reporting since 2011. In June 2013, a new accounting directive was adopted, replacing the fourth and seventh directives on company law. A directive amending the 2006 audit directive and a new audit regulation...

Vietnam's economic growth, among the most rapid in the region, has been supported by a boom in corporate sector development and direct foreign investment and as a consequence an increasing demand for accounting and auditing professionals. To sustain this growth and ensure strong private sector...

The devolution of procurement responsibilities to local levels of government is increasingly occurring across South Asia. This trend is significant because increasingly localized decision-making better enables communities to hold government authorities accountable for the effectiveness of public...

The purpose of this report is to gain an understanding of the governance arrangements and procedures for setting accounting and financial reporting standards in a jurisdiction, covering: (a) the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) where applicable, and (b) national...

The purpose of this report is to gain an understanding of the financial reporting requirements for insurance companies in a jurisdiction in addition to or instead of the requirements for commercial enterprises in general. Unless otherwise stated, the term insurance company refers to both...

The purpose of this report is to gain an understanding of the financial reporting requirements for companies whose equity or debt securities are listed for trading on a regulated market in a jurisdiction in addition to or instead of the requirements for commercial enterprises in general. There...