Most studies on Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) focus on the impact of their expansion through inward or outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. However, divestments are quite common among the operations of MNEs. In order to derive their effects, we build a computable general equilibrium...

The increased integration of the economies of Central and Eastern Europe with the European Union (EU) as the Europe Agreements are progressively implemented, is projected to have a significant impact on trade flows with Spain, as exports and imports grow very rapidly, albeit starting from a very...

This study provides a general analysis of economic relations between Spain, as a donor of official development assistance (ODA), and Ecuador, as a partner and recipient of development aid. It seeks to assess the potential (in)coherence between Spain’s foreign economic activities and the goals...

Spain's financial position during the late 19th and early 20th century has usually been presented as one of persistent deficit on current account, which resulted from her integration into international commodity and factor markets and this, in turn, slowed down growth. In this essay a...

This paper investigates statistical relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness, using panel-VAR methods in relation to ten significant OECD countries: Austria, Canada, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and the USA, between...

Using a simple Markov regime switching model, a time-varying measure of the effect of the return on a Latin American portfolio on the Spanish stock returns is obtained. The evidence can be summarised as follows. First, the effect is positive but not very large. However, it has increased since...

We examine some controversial country-specific factors influencing vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade including foreign direct investment and income distributions. As concerns, the effect of differences in countries’ levels of economic development (richness), both theories and...