In recent years, assets of non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) have grown significantly relative to those of … banks. These two sectors are commonly viewed either as operating in parallel, performing different activities, or as … substitutes, performing substantially similar activities, with banks inside and NBFIs outside the perimeter of banking regulation …

After an unprecedented number of banks suspended operations during the Panic of 1893, the head regulator of banks … chartered by the United States government allowed about 100 banks to reopen after certifying their solvency. We evaluate whether … actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad …