characteristics of students, families and schools tend to give disadvantaged students a higher probability of becoming resilient … students attending disadvantaged schools. After this, a multilevel logistic approach is adopted to determine which specific …

between pupils attending public schools and those attending private schools in the most densely populated region of Italy … (Lombardy), employing a new data set of about 77,000 students in the final or fifth year (grade 5) of around 1000 schools. This … disadvantaged socio-economic background. From a policy perspective, we believe that private schools at primary level can serve …

agenda. This paper derives efficiency measures for more than 8,600 schools in 30 countries, using PISA 2012 data and a … to increase achievement by as much as 27% if schools improved the way they use these resources and realised efficiency …