employment-population ratio of natives to test for crowding out at the national level. Third, we analyze occupational upgrading … calculate a positive employment rate effect for most native workers. Even simulations for the most recent 2019-2022 period … suggest small positive effects on wages of non-college natives and no significant crowding out effects on employment …

Why is Europe's employment rate almost 10 percent lower than that of the United States? This "jobs gap" has typically … been blamed on the rigidity of European labor markets. But in Services and Employment, an international group of leading … actually a services gap. But, Services and Employment asks, why does the United States consume services at such a greater rate …