external knowledge acquisition are complementary innovation activities, but that the degree of complementarity is sensitive to … existence of complementarity. We use our empirical methodology to analyze complementarity between innovation activities …: internal research and development (R& D) and external knowledge acquisition. Our results suggest that internal R& D and …

Successful innovation depends on the development and integration of new knowledge in the innovation process. In order … to innovate successfully, the firm will combine different innovation activities. In addition to doing own research and … development, firms typically are engaged in the acquisition of knowledge on the technology market and cooperate actively in R …

development. It is predicated on the spillover of knowledge from universities to commercialization. The literature has focused on … demand for university-based knowledge and university-developed technology. We identify links between businesses and the … university as a key conduit facilitating the spillover of knowledge using data on the Department of Energy’s Small Business …