Organization accession allows Russia to import better technologies and reduce pollution from the “technique effect,” on balance … World Trade Organization accession alone will increase environmental pollution in Russia through a shift toward dirty … industries (the “composition effect”) and the expansion of output with its associated increase in pollution (“scale effect”). The …

(United States) and the South (China) in the presence of a global pollution externality. Each country's share of global … pollution depends on its share of world capital. The authors show that, if the disutility of pollution in the United States is … the increased pollution in China has global effects, the US may not benefit from the environmental restrictions and a …