, the internal effects of education are filtered out using wage functions for individuals. Second, the resulting industry … wage premiums are regressed on industry-specific characteristics and, above all, on average human capital in the industry …

This Paper evaluates the impact of economic and legal variables on wage differentials between men and women. Since … international data set on the gender wage gap, which is constructed via a meta-analysis of existing studies. The findings show that … both increased competition and the enactment of equal treatment laws reduce the gender wage gap. …

Two very different approaches are used to explore the relation between market orientation and gender wage differentials … in international data. More market orientation might be related to gender wage gaps via its effects on competition in … calculating internationally consistent gender wage residuals in the first place. By comparing these two very different methods of …

the wage rates of natives: within a two-tier wage system more outsiders create additional rents which can be shared among …