employment-population ratio of natives to test for crowding out at the national level. Third, we analyze occupational upgrading … calculate a positive employment rate effect for most native workers. Even simulations for the most recent 2019-2022 period … suggest small positive effects on wages of non-college natives and no significant crowding out effects on employment …

labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the … employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact …