concentration upon innovation, focusing on robust findings, questions of interpretation, and the identification of major gaps. We … also consider the more modest literature that considers the effect on innovation of firm characteristics other than size …

This paper assesses the validity and accuracy of firms' backward patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows from … and development lab. Using survey-based measures of the dimensions of knowledge flows, we identify sources of systematic … reflect the codified knowledge flows from public research, but they appear to miss knowledge flows that are more private and …

Economists studying innovation and technological change have made significant progress toward understanding firms …' profit incentives as drivers of innovation. However, innovative performance in firms should also depend heavily on the …

external knowledge acquisition are complementary innovation activities, but that the degree of complementarity is sensitive to … existence of complementarity. We use our empirical methodology to analyze complementarity between innovation activities …: internal research and development (R& D) and external knowledge acquisition. Our results suggest that internal R& D and …

empirical understanding of innovation derives not from the estimation of econometric models but from the use of other empirical …

extramural knowledge, but to predict more accurately the nature of future technological advances. We develop a stylized model in …