We investigate the effect of slavery on the current level of income inequality across US counties. We find that a … races. We also show that a crucial channel of transmission from slavery to racial inequality is human capital accumulation …, i.e., current inequality is primarily influenced by slavery through the unequal educational attainment of blacks and …

determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial … gap. The excludability of slavery is preliminarily established by instrumenting it with the share of disembarked slaves … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …

determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial … gap. We address the question of the excludability of slavery by instrumenting it with the share of disembarked slaves from … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …