Research on the economic consequences of corruption has been hampered by the inability to directly measure corruption. Using an innovative methodology that allows respondents to report individual experiences with corruption while minimizing self-incrimination and an objective diagnostic to...

Since the early 1990s, a large number of studies have been undertaken to understand the causes and consequences of corruption. Many of these studies have employed firm-level survey data from various countries. While insightful, these analyses based on firm-level surveys have largely ignored two...

The inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in transition economies are affected by political factors. This paper examines the empirical effects of two factors: (i) the level of economic reform; and (ii) the level of 'capture' of the state by political and economic elites, on the level of FDI...