Border security-related costs and delays incurred by shippers have been cited by some observers as a significant impediment to trade between Canada and the United States. In fact, there is relatively little empirical evidence evaluating this concern. While there is some evidence that costs of...

The events of 9/11 and subsequent border entry security initiatives have led to increased costs and transportation delays that have the potential to impact Canada-U.S. trade. Researchers have identified increased border crossing times for importers and exporters transporting goods between the...