This paper estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Azerbaijan, using the 2015 Azerbaijan … Monitoring Survey for Social Welfare. The private rate of return to education is 6 percent; this is the first estimate of returns … controlling for selection. In addition, the paper estimates the returns for higher education; for this level, the rate of return …

This paper documents stylized facts on rates of returns to education during economic crises. It shows from three middle …-income countries - Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa - that the rate of return to university education (versus secondary education …