Introduction -- Public policies to foster academic spin-offs -- Types of spin-offs -- Processes at the institutional level : incubation models -- Processes at the firm level : phases and models of development -- Entrepreneurial teams in spin-offs -- Financial constraints and access to finance --...

As state support and federal research funding dwindle, universities are increasingly viewing their intellectual property portfolios as lucrative sources of potential revenue. Nearly all research universities now have a technology transfer office to manage their intellectual property, but many...