The foreign guestworker population of West Germany has declined considerably since 1981, as a result of economic recession and government-induced pressures. The paper assesses the significance of these national economic and demographic trends in a major city, Nuremberg. An analysis of the...

Government expenditures are procyclical if they increase in periods of economic growth and decrease in periods of economic downturn. This paper tests the proposition that (within federations) political pressures for public expenditure increase the likelihood that expenditures and...