This chapter analyzes the European Union's (EU) development initiatives in Africa. The relationship between the EU and Africa dates back to the inauguration of the EU in the 1950s and has since undergone different iterations as a paragon of Global North and Global South development interactions....

Economic welfare is assumed to be pursued by an African country considering or evaluating its Regional Integration Arrangement (RIA) membership. The proposed approach assigns to imputed residuals computed from pre-integration trend lines the change in after reform per-capita GDP and gives an...