introduced major structural reforms to fight poverty, improve the quality of education, create more jobs in the formal sector and …

, the latter notably through the successful “Bolsa Familia” programme. Among public services, improved access to education … interventions such as expanding early-childhood education, by reducing grade-repetition and through more tailored support for those …

Improving education outcomes is vital for achieving convergence with GDP per capita levels in Western European … countries and for reducing income inequality. While some education outcomes are favourable, such as the low secondary …-school drop-out rate, others have room for improvement: education achievement is below the OECD average and strongly influenced by …

The French education system has a mixed record. A generally very successful pre-school and primary school level … contrasts with underfunded public universities with high dropout rates which exist alongside very successful higher education … institutions for elites. Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies …

to Education, bundles supports such as regular coaching, tutoring, group activities, free public transportation tickets … and bursaries for postsecondary education. In this paper, we use a difference-in-differences approach that compares …