"We develop a method for identifying and quantifying the fiscal channels that help finance government spending shocks …

"We explore the role of government in the nexus of finance and trade starting from the earliest days of organised … finance in England and then broadening the analysis to 84 countries from 1960 to 2004. For 18th century England, we find that …

challenge -- Health and long-term care -- Education and productivity -- Public finance implications of population aging: 2005 …