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Rising costs of and returns to college have led to sizeable increases in the demand for student loans in many countries. In the USA, student loan default rates have also risen for recent cohorts as labor market uncertainty and debt levels have increased. We discuss these trends as well as recent...
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This chapter focuses on the geographic dimensions of knowledge spillovers. The starting point comes from the economics … of innovation and technological change. This tradition focused on the innovation production function however it was … aspatial or insensitive to issues involving location and geography. However, empirical results hinted that knowledge production …
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This chapter surveys the literature on international trade and the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the global economy. The discussion is organized around the major questions in the field. How does openness to trade affect national incentives for patent protection? What is...
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