of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we … examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether … and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel …

migration rates of about 60 percent that lasted for a few months: after five months, migration rates reverted back to pre-violence … women and children. We show that violence was the main treatment channel, with variation in the intensity and nature of … violence explaining the magnitude and persistence of the migration response. While migration costs, migrant networks, and land …

violence may erode community engagement with law enforcement and highlight the call-to-shot ratio as a natural measure of …