ITQs have not yet been introduced by the Government of Japan. In coastal areas, fishery cooperative associations have traditionally played an important role in managing fisheries through self-imposed rules and peer-monitoring systems. Recently, however, the economic competitiveness of Japanese...

An alternative fisheries management program, the issuance of "fractional licenses," is proposed. Management would establish a target number of licenses and determine separately how many fishers qualified for participation. Management would then issue ...