"Antisemitic stereotypes of Jews as capitalists have hindered research into the economic dimension of the Jewish past … central to Jewish life and the Jewish image in the world; Jews not only made money but spent money. This book is the first to …

of the population, its cause was unknown. Many contemporaries blamed the Jews. Cities all over Germany witnessed mass … indicator for medieval anti-Semitism. Pogroms during the Black Death are a strong and robust predictor of violence against Jews … higher deportation rates for Jews after 1933, were more likely to see synagogues damaged or destroyed in the 'Night of Broken …