Cointegration and vector error correction modeling approaches are widely used in electricity demand analysis. The study rigorously examines the determinants of electricity demand at aggregate and sectoral levels in Pakistan. In the backdrop of severe electricity shortages, our empirical findings...

This paper examines the impact of external debt on economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2009. The empirical exploration of the impact of external debt on growth is analyzed allowing external debt to interact with macroeconomic policy index and considering the ratio of multilateral...

The paper empirically examines the relationship between trade openness and the level of democracy in Pakistan using annual time-series data for the period 1947-2009. The analysis shows that trade openness positively affects democracy in Pakistan. The results are robust to controlling for other...

This study analyzes the relationship among electricity consumption, its price and real GDP at the aggregate and sectoral level in Pakistan. Using annual data for the period 1960-2008, the study finds the presence of unidirectional causality from real economic activity to electricity consumption....

This study analyzes the relationship between output growth and investment in a panel of 20 regions of Finland over the period 1975–2007. This regional study uses Granger non-causality and error-correction models. The most important finding of this study is a unidirectional causality which runs...