An income tax can have side effects like decreased labor supply and lower effort levels. These side effects are important to consider in the decision of whether to introduce the tax. The terms deadweight lossand excess burdenare used by mainstream economists in this context. In this article, it...

In recent years it has been argued that bundling construction with operation/maintenance can increase profits in the construction sector. This idea is critically evaluated using different theoretical frameworks and the main points are: innovative organizational models only lead to higher profits...

Improving the energy efficiency of the existing housing stock is a high priority in Sweden. The focus of this viewpoint is on how incentives for improving energy efficiency are affected by pricing principles in two specific areas: housing rents and district heating fees.

<title>ABSTRACT</title> The purpose of the paper is to critically evaluate the conceptual distinction between investment and maintenance. The study starts from a number of definitions in the literature and discusses these from the perspective of standard investment theory. The article argues that the standard...

Both Sweden and the Netherlands had housing systems that include broad models of municipal housing (Sweden) or social housing (Netherlands). These broad models, however, came under discussion due to the competition policy of the European Commission. Financial government support - state aid - for...