, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of … environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in … the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland …

institutional processes that produced fundamental pension reform in three postcommunist countries: Hungary, Kazakhstan, and Poland … institutional actors with an effective veto over reform - engaged in less radical reform, as theory predicted. Poland and Hungary … of key veto actors. Pension reform takes longer in countries with more veto and proposal actors, such as Poland and …

November 1999 - There is a tendency toward chronic, long-term poverty in Poland. Most at risk: larger households, farm … prosperity, children are overrepresented. Okrasa uses four-year panel data from Poland's Household Budget Survey to explore the … specific observations about factors that affect Poland's long-term poverty: · Variables in human capital significantly affected …