The current system of regulating electric utilities in the U.S. provides rewards for selling more electricity. Conversely, utilities are penalized for running even the most cost-effective, energy-efficiency programs because these programs reduce sales and, thus, decrease utility earnings and...

Numerous studies have examined the effect of local fiscal policy on business activity. Few have emphasised local public services and fewer still have examined the effect of local fiscal policy on the composition of business activity. Using newly derived estimates of regional public...

We empirically examine the relationship between public capital and municipal employment levels and changes using a sample of 48 large US cities during the 1970-80 period. We find greater stocks of public capital are associated with a higher demand for and supply of municipal workers. Holding all...

The demand for Toll Free Numbers (TFNs) languished from 2000 to 2008; however recent growth in demand caused the FCC to open a new toll-free code (855) with the possibility of new code openings in the next three years. The analysis here indicates the demand for TFNs is highly inelastic (the...