Tiny changes in the American monetary policy can have dramatic effects on the rest of the world because of dollar's double role of national and international currency. This is the Triffin dilemma. The paper shows how it works through three examples: price of commodities, dollarization, and the...

This chapter examines in a systematic way how different forms of regional monetary cooperation may contribute to reducing macroeconomic volatility and buffer exogenous shocks for developing countries and emerging markets. It divides mechanisms into three categories of regional financial and...

Monetary Issues: Monetary Unions: Between International Trade and National Sovereignty -- Why a Monetary Union?- Monetary Policy in a Monetary Union: Lessons from Simple Models -- Institutions and Monetary Policy -- Fiscal Issues: Government Deficits, Transfers and Debt -- Fiscal Policies in a...

This chapter explores how the economic and political difficulties of the interwar period and the immediate postwar era forced politicians, economists, and institutions to rethink the European economic and monetary system. Triffin was a key figure in that dynamic and quick to spot the fundamental...