Are Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Research & Development (R&D) productive inputs or efficiency … stochastic frontier approach. ICT and R&D are used once as inputs, once as efficiency determinants. The results show that the … into the model only as inputs. We also documented that ICT and R&D contribute positively to explain the efficiency scores. …

agencies, but existing evidence suggests that these reforms will not improve bank stability or efficiency. While some countries …This paper presents new and official survey information on bank regulations in 142 countries and makes comparisons with … two earlier surveys. The data do not suggest that countries have primarily reformed their bank regulations for the better …