The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and...

There are increasing studies that address the skill upgrading in developing countries. The theoretical analyses yield different results about which factors affect skill upgrading. The impact of trade openness and technology transfer on the relative demand for skilled labor remains a puzzle, the...